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ELEC2.CAI
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1991-12-23
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@OPTIONS ESCAPE
@ESC SYSTEM
.SCREEN 0
.COLOR 15,0
.CLS
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ ▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ INTRODUCTION ▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
.LOCATE 8,13
For electric power to perform any useful function,
.LOCATE 9,13
it must flow in a circuit. The basic units of
.LOCATE 10,13
measurement of the flow of current are:
.LOCATE 13,38
VOLTS
.LOCATE 15,38
AMPS
.LOCATE 17,38
WATTS
.LOCATE 19,38
OHMS
.LOCATE 25,19
.PAUSE (*(Press ENTER to continue/ESCAPE to exit)*)
.CLS
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ ▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ VOLTS ▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
.LOCATE 9,10
Remember from Section 1.......Electric Current flows along
.LOCATE 11,10
the path created by a circuit.....from a starting point where
.LOCATE 13,10
there is a supply of Free Electrons.....to a location where
.LOCATE 15,10
there are atoms that have a shortage of electrons.
.LOCATE 25,19
.PAUSE (*(Press ENTER to continue/ESCAPE to exit)*)
.CLS
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ ▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ VOLTS ▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
.LOCATE 8,21
VOLTAGE is the measure of the difference
.LOCATE 9,21
between the SURPLUS of Electrons at the
.LOCATE 10,21
source and the SHORTAGE of Electrons at
.LOCATE 11,21
their destination.
.LOCATE 13,21
It represents the amount of force that
.LOCATE 14,21
can be generated when the Electrons move
.LOCATE 15,21
between the two points.
.LOCATE 17,21
It is frequently compared to pressure since it
.LOCATE 18,21
is the force that makes Electrons flow.
.LOCATE 25,19
.PAUSE (*(Press ENTER to continue/ESCAPE to exit)*)
.CLS
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ ▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ VOLTS ▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
.LOCATE 11,13
Voltage is also referred to as ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE (EMF)
.LOCATE 13,13
One VOLT is the amount of ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE (EMF)
.LOCATE 15,13
required to do approximately 3/4 of a foot pound
.LOCATE 17,13
of work.
.LOCATE 25,19
.PAUSE (*(Press ENTER to continue/ESCAPE to exit)*)
.CLS
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ ░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░ AMPS ░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░ │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
.LOCATE 11,17
AMPERAGE is the measure of the rate of flow. It
.LOCATE 12,17
is the volume of Electrons passing through a
.LOCATE 13,17
given point in a circuit.
.LOCATE 15,17
One AMPERE (AMP) is a current flow rate of.......
.LOCATE 25,19
.PAUSE (*(Press ENTER to continue/ESCAPE to exit)*)
.CLS
.SKIP 12
1 cubic centimeter of Electrons per second
.LOCATE 25,19
.PAUSE (*(Press ENTER to continue/ESCAPE to exit)*)
.CLS
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ ▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ AMPS ▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
.LOCATE 9,13
Because AMPERAGE is the measurement of the rate of flow
.LOCATE 10,13
or volume of electrons, the AMP rating of a circuit is
.LOCATE 11,13
related to the size of the wiring.
.locate 13,13
As the AMP rating increases, the size of the wires
.LOCATE 14,13
increases to handle a handle a larger volume of
.LOCATE 15,13
electrons.
.LOCATE 25,19
.PAUSE (*(Press ENTER to continue/ESCAPE to exit)*)
.CLS
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ ▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ WATTS ▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
.LOCATE 7,15
The amount of power in a circuit is determined
.LOCATE 8,15
by the VOLTAGE (pressure) and the AMPERAGE (volume
.LOCATE 9,15
of electrons). It is measured in:
.LOCATE 11,38
WATTS
.LOCATE 13,31
WATTS = VOLTS x AMPS
.LOCATE 15,14
Unlike volts and amps, WATTS are not a direct measurement
.LOCATE 16,14
of flowing Electrons. WATTS are the measurement of the
.LOCATE 17,14
total amount of power that results from the combined
.LOCATE 18,14
force of the VOLTAGE (pressure) and the AMPERAGE (volume of
.LOCATE 19,14
electrons) in the circuit. And one Watt is................
.LOCATE 25,19
.PAUSE (*(Press ENTER to continue/ESCAPE to exit)*)
.CLS
.SKIP 12
1/746 horsepower
.LOCATE 25,19
.PAUSE (*(Press ENTER to continue/ESCAPE to exit)*)
.CLS
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ ▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ WATTS ▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
.LOCATE 5,13
Think of VOLTS, WATTS, and AMPS in terms of how they
.LOCATE 6,13
apply to an automotive electrical system.
.LOCATE 8,13
* The system is rated at 12 VOLTS - That's the "pressure"
.LOCATE 9,14
generated by the electrons.
.LOCATE 11,13
* The AMP rating is the rate at which electrons will flow
.LOCATE 12,14
through a circuit. Since the voltage will always be the
.LOCATE 13,14
same (except in the ignition system) the AMP rating will
.LOCATE 14,14
determine how much power is available. As the AMP rate
.LOCATE 15,14
increases, the wires get larger.
.LOCATE 17,13
* The WATT is the measure of the total amount of power:
.LOCATE 19,31
WATTS = VOLTS x AMPS
.LOCATE 21,15
WATTS serve as a convenient yardstick for determining
.LOCATE 22,15
output - how much light a bulb will produce or how much
.LOCATE 23,15
sound a stereo will generate.
.LOCATE 25,19
.PAUSE (*(Press ENTER to continue/ESCAPE to exit)*)
.CLS
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ ▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ OHMS ▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
.LOCATE 7,15
The resistance in all circuits that inhibits the flow
.LOCATE 9,15
of electrons is measured in OHMS. If the resistance is
.LOCATE 11,15
low, the electrons will flow through the circuit easily.
.LOCATE 13,15
As the resistance increases, larger amounts of energy
.LOCATE 15,15
are consumed as the electrons flow to their final
.LOCATE 17,15
destination. The end product of resistance is HEAT !
.LOCATE 25,19
.PAUSE (*(Press ENTER to continue/ESCAPE to exit)*)
.CLS
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ ▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ OHMS ▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
.LOCATE 7,15
Resistance in a circuit takes three forms:
.LOCATE 9,15
1. The unavoidable losses caused by the "friction" of
.LOCATE 10,18
the electrons passing through the wiring.
.LOCATE 12,15
2. The insertion of RESISTORS in the circuit by its
.LOCATE 13,18
designers to reduce the amount of power flowing to
.LOCATE 14,18
parts of the circuit.
.LOCATE 16,15
3. The use of resistance to do work. In a light bulb,
.LOCATE 17,18
the resistance in the filament heats the filament and
.LOCATE 18,18
makes it glow.
.LOCATE 25,19
.PAUSE (*(Press ENTER to continue/ESCAPE to exit)*)
.CLS
┌────────┐
┌─────────────────────────────────│ REVIEW │─────────────────────────────────┐
│▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒└────────┘▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒│
│▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒│
│▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒│
│▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒│
│▒▒┌──────────────────────────────────┐▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒│
│▒▒│REMEMBER THE FOLLOWING KEY POINTS:│▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒│
│▒▒└──────────────────────────────────┘▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒│
│▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒│
│▒▒▒┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐▒▒▒│
│▒▒▒│ │▒▒▒│
│▒▒▒│ │▒▒▒│
│▒▒▒│ │▒▒▒│
│▒▒▒│ │▒▒▒│
│▒▒▒│ │▒▒▒│
│▒▒▒│ │▒▒▒│
│▒▒▒│ │▒▒▒│
│▒▒▒└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘▒▒▒│
│▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒│
│▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒│
│▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒│
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
.WAIT 20
.LOCATE 12,8
1. VOLTAGE IS THE "PRESSURE" OF THE ELECTRIC CURRENT IN A CIRCUIT.
.WAIT 30
.LOCATE 14,8
2. AMPERAGE IS THE "VOLUME" OF ELECTRONS.
.WAIT 30
.LOCATE 16,8
3. WATTAGE IS THE AMOUNT OF POWER (VOLTS x AMPS).
.WAIT 30
.LOCATE 18,8
4. OHMS IS THE MEASURE OF THE RESISTANCE TO THE FLOW OF ELECTRONS.
.LOCATE 25,19
.PAUSE (*(Press ENTER to continue/ESCAPE to exit)*)
.CLS
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ ▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS ▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
.LOCATE 5,10
Remember from Section 1......We noted that electrical products
.LOCATE 6,10
use relatively large amounts of power to perform some type of
.LOCATE 7,10
work and electronic products use relatively small amounts of
.LOCATE 8,10
power to process or transmit information.
.LOCATE 10,10
The differences in the power requirements are illustrated by
.LOCATE 11,10
the types of measurements used:
.LOCATE 13,10
Electrical components use:
.LOCATE 15,38
VOLTS
.LOCATE 16,38
WATTS
.LOCATE 17,38
AMPS
.LOCATE 18,38
OHMS
.LOCATE 20,10
But many electronic components are so small that the
.LOCATE 21,10
measurements used are...............................
.LOCATE 25,19
.PAUSE (*(Press ENTER to continue/ESCAPE to exit)*)
.CLS
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ ▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS ▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
.LOCATE 5,14
MILLIVOLTS (mV) - thousandths of a volt. A millivolt
.LOCATE 6,35
is .001 volt.
.LOCATE 8,14
MILLIAMPERES (mA) - thousandths of an amp. A milliamp
.LOCATE 9,35
is .001 amp.
.LOCATE 11,14
MILLIOHMS - thousandths of an Ohm. A milliohm
.LOCATE 12,35
is .001 ohm.
.LOCATE 14,31
OR..................
.LOCATE 16,14
MICROVOLTS (uV) - millionths of a volt. A microvolt
.LOCATE 17,35
is .000001 volt.
.LOCATE 19,14
MICROAMPHERES (uA) - millionths of an amp. A milliamp
.LOCATE 20,35
is .000001 amp.
.LOCATE 22,14
MICROHMS - millionths of an ohm. A microhm
.LOCATE 23,35
is .000001 ohm.
.LOCATE 25,19
.PAUSE (*(Press ENTER to continue/ESCAPE to exit)*)
.CLS
.USE PROG=EQIZ2.CAI